The first work of modern political theory that we present within the Caucus Recommendation is John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty.
Why Mill? Why On Liberty?
The work is undoubtedly ahead of its time. Mill focused on the importance of individual freedom, as well as on “the nature and limits of the power which society can legitimately exercise over the individual.” The freedom of the individual may be limited only for the purpose of protecting the freedom of others.
He speaks about protection from the tyranny of rulers, but argues that this alone is not sufficient. It is also necessary for the individual to be protected from the tyranny of society.
Mill recognizes that a person may wrong another person, yet this does not necessarily require a legal sanction—public opinion may judge him instead.
For example, a man who, due to his wastefulness, cannot support his family. Wastefulness in itself is not a reason for punishment by the state or even by society. However, considering that because of his wastefulness he is unable to provide for his family, according to Mill he will not be punished by the state, but this is not the case with public opinion—it will justifiably condemn him.
Mill also advocated for women’s rights and criticized the unlimited authority that husbands held over their wives.
Many of John Stuart Mill’s ideas are also woven into American society. Freedom, and the demand for it, is deeply rooted in the American consciousness.
Anyone interested in political theory, freedom of thought, democratic tendencies, utilitarianism, liberalism, and even feminism should read On Liberty.
While reading this work, published in 1859, the reader will often find themselves recognizing the present day—modern problems that remain unresolved in many parts of the world.
Both those who agree with Mill and those who do not will gain remarkable insight into his political thought and enrich their knowledge and perspective.
